E-Discovery - More than Just Buzz Words

In December 2006 the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure changed the manner in which lawyers had to deal with ESI (Electronically Stored Information – a new acronym from the Federal Rules). Having worked with computers since 1967 this was hardly a news flash since ESI has been part of my 30 years of litigating disputes about failed computer system implementations, software copyright infringement, and software trade secret misappropriation. But most lawyers and judges are still trying to understand IT lingo let alone what IT does.

Buzz Words Abound

Notwithstanding that every vocation has its own buzz-words and lingo, IT and law unrelated, logically or any other way. There have been a number of court rulings that adversely impact parties who destroy ESI that should have been saved, so it has become incumbent for lawyers to learn more about IT. Ironically in order to be successful as a lawyer one must be a good communicator, whether in writing and/or speech, but few lawyers have figured about that they need to change their orientation and learn how IT operates, not just learn some buzz words. This is not about buzz words, rather lawyers need to learn about the tools that they are totally dependent upon. Although I have driven automobiles my entire life, I could not repair an engine to save my life, but I have learned enough to intelligently operated and deal with problems as they arise.

Judges Don’t Get IT Either

Not much of a shock, but since judges are lawyers, and lawyers do not have IT training it is should not be a shock that most judges do not understand IT. So in today’s hurly burly litigation it becomes the job of lawyers to educate judges regarding the ESI in their cases or risk being penalized. As I have pointed out in other blogs, papers, and speeches, one way to help bridge this gap is to use a Special Master. Having served as a Special Master in federal and state cases for +20 years it seems to me that once the parties and judges have a better understanding of IT, ESI issues in dispute have a way getting less complicated.

IT Gurus May Not Know the Law 

Once upon at time I read a 110 page opinion interpreting an aspect of how the Copyright Act affected a software dispute, and it seems to make little sense to me. However as one can image it is unlikely that an appellate court would challenge a trial judge’s 110 page opinion, so that 110 page opinion became the federal law relating to that aspect of software Copyrights. A few years later I took the deposition of the computer scientist who served as the Special Master for the judge who wrote the 110 page opinion in another software Copyright case. Although the computer scientist had a Ph.D. from a top university and was a well-respected professor, during his deposition he admitted that he had never ever read the Copyright Act, nor had he ever read any legal opinions in other cases, nor had he studied law. No wonder the 110 page opinion made no sense. So it seems that even judges need to understand the limits on Special Masters and learn about IT themselves.
 

VIDEO- E-Discovery Investigations: What IT Professionals Need to Know!

For many years I have made videos for IT and business management regarding legal issues,  and this video entitled E-Discovery Investigations: What IT Professionals Need to Know! was recorded in July, 2008. 

WatchIT has many other excellent educational materials, so please check them out.

Oracle's Marriage to HP - is this déjà vu or what?

The announcement that Oracle and HP have teamed up to offer a specialized hardware systems for Oracle’s database sounds a lot like days gone by when Minicomputer companies long since gone had proprietary hardware and operating systems, and nothing was compatible with other systems. Oracle has spent years promoting itself as hardware independent so that one could get Oracle’s products and load them on existing technology. This may be the beginning of new proprietary systems.

Remember Minicomputers?

Most IT professionals and system buyers remember companies like DEC (Digital Equipment Corporation), DG (Data General), and Wang each of whom offered proprietary hardware, operating systems, and applications. Generally Minicomputers were multiuser computers systems that supported less than about 200 terminals, and in today’s server environment it is difficult to even image. However, over time and advent of Microsoft server software and various flavors of unix the manufacturer of hardware became less important. As a matter of fact in many technology contracts the actual manufacturer of the hardware is not specified, rather the processor speed, size, and storage may be listed and when the purchase takes place the best product in the market is what is purchased.

Where are we headed?

It seems that Oracle’s new marriage with HP may be directing IT shops to be stuck with hardware systems that they may not want, or limit their options when new technologies hit the market. Not being machine dependent has been very liberating in contract negotiations for new applications, however this new Oracle/HP marriage may only be a headline that portends the future of IT.
 

Cloud Computing - Interesting Legal Issues

While most IT professionals are well aware of the evolution of Internet 2.0 computing services which offer on-line applications and large storage, in many ways this seems like an evolution of time-sharing from the 1960s when the likes of General Electric offered remote computing services to dumb terminals. Now Cloud Computing is one of the hot buzz words describing Software as a Service (SaaS) (sort of an updated term for ASPs- Application Service Providers) coupled with large amounts of storage. Major players are offering these services including IBM’s Blue CloudAmazon’s S3, Google’s Apps, and Salesforce’s CRM. These Cloud Computing services allow users to collaboratively work on projects over the Internet using proprietary and open source applications. 

Collaboration is Great

One of the great benefits of using Cloud Computing like wiki tools is allowing collaboration, and many large companies including IBM, Microsoft, and Oracle use collaboration tools to develop new technologies. It is hard to believe that Wikipedia started in 2001 and now has more than 2.5 million English articles since it reached a major milestone of 1 million articles in March of 2006. Clearly there are many other wiki success stories, but yet still skeptics about the accuracy and authenticity of the content.

How Secure is the Data?

Virtually no one reads the Click Agreement terms or Terms of Service when accessing Internet sites, downloading software, or registering on a website, nor do business people generally consult their attorneys about these Click Agreement terms or Terms of Service. So is any wonder that the vendors generally provide the services “as is,” without warranties and limit their liability and damages, and make jurisdiction and venue as inconvenient as possible to the user? Probably not, but when there are service outages that even the Service Level Agreements offer a reimbursement for down time, but not consequential damages. Another major concern is privacy of data since such laws such as HIPAA and the EU Data Directive restrict use of certain person information, and yet depending on how the Cloud Computing provider operates, these data privacy issues can be lost.

 

Google's New Browser Chrome (Beta)

When Google recently launched its beta version of the Chrome browser, it was at a point in time when Microsoft’s Internet Explorer (IE) had approximately 70% of the browser market (with Mozilla’s Firefox, Apple’s Safari, and Opera the other major players). Amazingly enough Google claimed that it captured 1% of the browser market with the initial launch the first day…and since this was Google pushing out another product, that’s probably a good guess. It seems that the statistics are difficult to assess, because all of these vendors offer their products free and because many users have multiple browsers loaded on their systems.

Did We Need a New Browser?

Google’s market power and built-in user base maybe more important than did we need a new browser. Nevertheless Google claims that they built Chrome using today’s tools, and don’t have any legacy system problems from old versions. Clearly a reference to Microsoft’s various versions of IE and Mozilla’s various versions of Firefox and previous versions of Mosiac. Now that Netscape dropped out of the browser market, at least that’s one less vendor. However, Netscape’s departure brings back memories of the Microsoft Antitrust lawsuit which started in the late 1990’s where the forced tie-in of IE to Windows helped prove Microsoft’s anticompetitive behavior.

Google Continues to Grow

Also Google claims that Chrome is faster, but of course most users would not be able to determine faster performance on most systems because there are so many other variables. As well, Google declares that Chrome has better security which is high on the list of most users. Chrome will likely be a success because Google seems to have a magic touch with marketing, and as well it does not take rocket science to conclude that using the Google search engine and tools could only be improved by using Google’s browser. Or at least that’s what Google would like its users to conclude!
 

IT Outsourcing Giants

HP’s recent purchase of EDS changed the landscape for the Outsourcing market with another computer/printer manufacturer providing IT outsourcing services. Since EDS was one of the first companies in the outsourcing business, and a giant at that, it seems interesting that HP acquired EDS and now competes with the likes of IBM, BearingPoint, ACS, CSC, Accenture, and Tata. Is it a coincidence that so many outsourcing giants go by 3-4 letter initials? Unlikely, but all of the companies have to offer similar services to be competitive.

Outsourcing Agreements

One signal feature of every outsourcing agreement is that they will end. They are all for a finite period and three things will happen at the end of the agreement:

(1) the customer will take over the outsourced services;
(2) the customer will migrate to another outsourcing vendor; or
(3) the customer will sign a new agreement with the same vendor.

So unless the outsourcing vendor remains the same there is an absolute need for the outsourcing agreement to be completely explicit about what happens to software licenses (and related maintenance and support), how the customer data is returned or moved, and what services and costs will be incurred to help migrated the software and services at the end of the agreement.

What happens if the Outsourcing Agreements are Unclear?

A few years ago a client terminated an outsourcing agreement to consolidate its IT operations with a new parent company. After asking the outsourcing vendor for its data so it could move on the outsourcing vendor asked where the customer wanted the tractor trailer to deliver the customer’s printed data. When the customer said it needed electronic copies the old vendor put a multi-million price tag on the electronic data. The customer had no choice but to pay the outrageous fee to get its data, and then thousands of dollars in litigation to get the money back later (which it did ultimately).
 

Seinfeld- A TV Series about Nothing, and now Microsoft?

As a big fan of Microsoft it seems to me that the PC user community has benefited over the years by the standardization of computers, it seems very strange that the first TV commercial with Jerry Seinfeld was just like his TV series….about nothing. When Microsoft first let it be known that Seinfeld would help promote the Vista operating system, it was hard to image. Now that that the first commercial has aired things can only get more confusing.

Microsoft Vista

One would have to live on Mars to have missed the fact that Vista has not been the box office success that Microsoft envisioned, and since most corporate users have stayed with XP as their operating system at the current time it does not seem likely that we will see much wide-spread growth for Vista anytime soon. From all reports Vista requires more hardware resources that XP, and unfortunately much of the XP software does not run on Vista. However there are many reports that indicate that more applications will run with Vista.

Marketing Software

It does not seem like that long ago that Apple announced the Lisa (the first GUI computer system) during a multi-million dollar commercial during the 1980 Super Bowl, and with the proliferation of the Internet most computer users are pretty numb to advertising for software systems. So it seems even more intriguing that Microsoft would hire Seinfeld to promote Vista. Even more intriguing since the first commercial was so obtuse and failed to mention Vista in the least. I for one will stay tuned with great interest to see Seinfeld and Bill Gates do goofy things in commercials…which I assume is expensive.
 

Too Social? Hard to Believe!

The growth and proliferation of social networking on the Internet has hit a new wall- too much social networking. Recent reports that Facebook has disabled members for too much social networking apparently is a reaction to concerns of suspicious behavior which really boils down to using the site too much. Facebook’s 100 million users are susceptible to spam. Phishing, and malware just like all webmail services. It seems ironic that there could do too much social networking, but the report of 64 large-scale spam attacks is not too surprising. So it seems that social networks are being abused like the rest of the Internet.

+97 Billion Emails a Day

No one is surprised by the proliferation of email in general, so when IDC announced in April 2007 that of the 97 billion email per day about 40 billion were spam. The impact of the Internet on social change continues at a pace unknown in the past and difficult to actually predict too far into the future. From an Information Technology perspective management of email at with growth rate makes planning difficult and expensive.

Growth of Emails on e-Discovery

Since every lawsuit filed has some electronic evidence, this proliferation of email and social networking makes e-Discovery more perplexing. Not just in volume, but locating the evidence to begin with. For instance, even though employees rely on their company email systems, they also use Facebook for social networking and webmail such as AOL, Hotmail, or gmail. So in the context of e-Discovery lawyers are now confronted with finding and searching these sites for evidence. Issuing subpoenas to Facebook, AOL, Hotmail, and gmail to get records is not as simple as requesting opposing parties to search and produce records from internal email systems.
 

Internet Jurisdiction- Another Challenge

On a recent trip to Prague and London the reality of the impact of the Internet on our lives was reinforced. On every corner there’s an Internet café, WIFI, cell (mobile) phone store, or McDonald’s, and it is clear that the Internet now pervades world-wide communications. But a report concerning a recent decision by the European Court of Human Rights should also remind Internet users that geographic boundaries mean far less today than ever before since European Court of Human Rights decided that a UK hacker named Gary McKinnon should be expedited to the US because of accusations that he broke into computers belonging to NASA and the US military. One critical point is that he has never been in the US.

NOT THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL JURISDICTION BATTLE

The 2000 injunction in France restraining Yahoo!’s US website from selling Nazi memorabilia because it is illegal in France is still in place. This is very old news, but the US courts claimed that even the First Amendment protects free speech in the US, the US courts do not have jurisdiction over the French plaintiffs and their lawsuit in France.  

VIRTUAL JURISDICTION

Another interesting ruling about jurisdiction that should get everyone’s attention was a Pennsylvania Court that ruled that open forums held by Avatars in SecondLife where Pennsylvania residents attended meant that jurisdiction in Pennsylvania rather than California where SecondLife is headquartered.